Pine pollen grain Pine pollen refers to pollen from trees

Pine pollen grain
Pine pollen refers to pollen from trees of the genus pine, which are used in some cases and dietary supplements. Scots pine (sylvestris pine) contain levels is unlikely to affect the body while other species may have anti-inflammatory properties Based on preliminary tests testosterone.

Pine pollen is a term used to refer to the dietary supplement derived from pine pollen. Pine trees generally refers to the races and pine pollen, which is commonly used as a dietary supplement is a Scottish pine (sylvestris pine), because the disclosure of some of the studies on the proportion of testosterone in this vaccine.

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With regard to the above, testosterone Scots pine pollen content seems too low to produce significant effects on the human body by ingestion of testosterone, despite being the highest concentration of testosterone in the royal jelly. It was conducted any studies in humans in any parameter related to testosterone like Bah, muscle growth, or general male vitality.

Pine pollen seems to have a use in traditional Chinese medicine, as well, although the types used were those available in the region, and this is not the Scots pine. These initial studies but suggest the possibility of anti-inflammatory effect that could benefit from arthritis, but due to the lack of studies in composition at the pine pollen (ie what is actually pollen that can mediate anti-inflammatory) effects is not known whether these characteristics extends the Scottish pine.

In general, this supplement underresearched strongly at this point in time, I can not recommend any particular use in humans until more studies.



What You Should Know
Also known as

Pinus sylvestris, Scots pine, Scotch pine, scotch fir


Things to consider

Pine pollen tends to be the most likely areas for the acquisition of plant allergens, and gender equality as pine (Pinus) tends to be a lot of people are allergic to pine perhaps through interaction sensitivity of supplements derivatives pine pollen
Pine pollen tends to refer to the pollen derived from Scots pine has traditionally been the use of (Sylvestres pine [1]), a type of soft pine in many countries in North America both as a kind of holiday Christmas tree (with Fraser and Douglas fir trees that used more common now), and a source of industrial wood, although another source of wood used often.

Sometimes they are investigated for other pine pollen types, including pine densiflora, [2] massoniana pine, Pinus yunnanensis and Pinus tabulaeformis. [3]

It refers pine pollen to pollen derived from pine trees (known as pine sex), but it seems to refer to any specific type within this genus, although the Scots pine the most frequently used source may be (partly due to the availability of market)
Pine pollen pills seem to use traditional Chinese medicine, but the species used are massoniana pine and pine tabulaeformis, [4] [5] not in terms of Scots pine was isolated testosterone.

There may be traditional use of pine pollen as a medicine, but this refers to two types seen any less common pine and Scots pine

1.2. Installation

Pine pollen (sylvestris pine unless stated otherwise) tends to contain:

Vitamin D such as vitamin D3 200 ng / g (8 international units per gram), while the active hormone 1,25-hydroxy-D is the dual in 10-300ng [6]
Testosterone (80ng / g [7]), epitestosterone (110ng / g [7]), and androstenedione (590ng / g [7]); testosterone is slightly higher that the royal jelly (12-36ng / [8] g) , but also very low for the effects of anabolic steroid glucuronides large and is a likely [7]
Scots pine pollen seems to contain the steroid molecules (vitamin D and testosterone) doses are probably too low to have significant effects in humans after oral consumption

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2.1. Logic

Study in human diploid fibroblasts isolated (cell aging model [9]) was incubated with 1.2 mg / ml pine pollen pills (non-specific species) to increase the population doubles in the week (23-27%) and the duplication appeared the maximum number of the population ( 12-15%) without accreditation and a clear focus. And attenuated [4] increase seen in aging laboratory D-galactosane with pine pollen is associated with low expression of PTEN and p27Kip1. [4]

In mice injected with D- galactose (rodent model of premature aging [10] [11] it is believed to be linked to the formation of AGE [12]) oral ingestion of 500-1,500mg / kg of pine pollen extract can hinder the formation of AGE and aging symptoms with the highest dose to be comparable in power to 100 mg / kg of aminoguanidine. [4]

Preliminary indications for anti-aging pine pollen with respect to D- galactosamine injection in mice and cells isolated paper, although the oral dose used in the mouse study was much higher than what is seen with dietary supplements sold today


3. Neuroscience

3.1. Soothing

Ethanol extract of densiflora pine bark (yield 8%) of 100-200 mg / kg orally to the mice seem to have analgesic properties in acute injection tests writhing and acetic acid formalin in mice with a similar force 50 mg / kg Aminopyrine's (reference drug), and this was associated with a large no more than 10 mg / kg ibuprofen anti-inflammatory effects (by formalin and carrageenan-induced paw edema) that. [2]

Preliminary indications are relatively high doses of pine pollen (ethanol extracts) can have a dwelling with similar strength to a reference drug. Species that have been discussed are not where they were isolated from testosterone


4. Inflammation and Immunology

4.1. Macrophages

An extract from pine pollen (Pinus densiflora and 70% of ethanol reach 8% yield) is known to have antioxidant properties in higher concentrations 500μg / ml in vitro (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation), while 50-100 μg / ml in connective There seems to be no cuts depends a large concentration of the production of nitric oxide stimulation of LPS. Has been hampered [13] macrophage secretion of TNF-α in parallel with nitric oxide, while IL-6 secretion is often affected by IL-1 has been reduced to less than control unstimulated. [13]

Mechanisms of appearance, this extract incubation pine densiflora (10 micrograms / ml) was associated with preventing full of JNK MAPK phosphorylation although the others (P38 and ERK) were not affected. [13]

Limited evidence suggests an anti-inflammatory effect, particularly effective to IL-1 secretion and inhibition of JNK (it can be the basis of anti-rheumatic properties which are also seen in the initial tests). This happens concentrations that despite the lack of confirmation to be effective after ingestion can reasonably happen through the mouth

4.2. Arthritis

Ethanol extract of densiflora pine pollen (yield 8%) of 100-200 mg / kg orally to rats seems to be able to reduce the edema ear caused by arachidonic acid in a manner similar to the 10 mg / kg power indomethacin, but with the onset of the fastest in 1 hour (compared to 3 hours) [2] the same sample over three weeks mice injected complete Freund's adjuvant. (FCA, can induce arthritis [14]) he was able to partially alleviate edema without depending on the dose and the weight of the spleen normalization (FCA increase control) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) [15], while Later caused by arthritis collagen (DBA / 1J mice) when he was fed on the extraction for a period of 49 days and swelling standardized clinical signs of arthritis. [15]

Note that at least one study found that while TNF-α and IL-1β was full normalization with the extract, has been reduced IL-6 to lower levels even control without FCA [15], which has been replicated in arthritis prevented induced collagen , and rheumatoid factor with the increase in specific anti-collagen objects almost completely with respect to the collagen control attenuated slightly. [15]

Although there used higher than normal doses, it appears that ethanol extracts of pine pollen has a respectable anti-inflammatory properties in rodent models of inflammation and arthritis. This may be related to the inhibitory properties of potential immunity (evaluated by a significant reduction in the production of antibodies)


5. Safety and Toxicology

5.1. Allergies

Although much lower than other trees such as birch, it is known [16] pine trees in possession of antigens that can lead to allergies, with nuts [17] and pollen. [16] pine (Pinus gender) tends to be -reactivity mixture between species of this genus [18] belongs to the order of Coniferales with cypress trees and rice (both sexes Cupressaceae), but through the interaction between the pine and Cupressaceae (in spite of their being in the family Coniferales ) it does not seem that there is a major concern. [18] [19] [20]