5. oxidation reactions

Nucific Bio X4 oxidation reactions

5.1. Mechanisms

Some sugars Cordyceps seems to be in the laboratory antioxidant properties in vivo [17] or. [20]


5.2. Speeches

D- milk after injection in mice, which mimics the effects of aging and mediated oxidation, and the supplementation with Cordyceps militaris able to reduce oxidation by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity in the body. Commissioner through the polysaccharide content. [29] have been seen these same effects with sugars Tai Cordyceps. [30] anti-oxidant effects of sinensis and Militaris is equivalent to some extent Sinensis with a little more force. [31]



6. Peripheral Systems

6.1. Kidneys

Cordyceps has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to preventive effects on the kidney tissue diseases such as rheumatoid or pyelogram chronic nephritis, kidney or public kidney failure. [32]

A concentration of 100 mg / ml Cordyceps (both c. Sinensis c. Militaris) unable to stop the growth of kidney cells (mesangial cells) stimulated by LDL. [33]


Cordyceps has shown benefits in cases of a kidney transplant in nature (injection of 0.5 ml or 1.0 ml one hour before Cordyceps harmful stressful in mice [34]) and in synergy with immunosuppressive cyclosporine A dose subtherapeutic the latter, [35] (a synergy that can be spread to members other [36]), which is believed to be linked to the special immunity and anti-inflammatory properties, and there tends to be less infiltration of immune cells with a combination tranplanted device. [35] [36] It has been observed less maintenance dose of cyclosporine A in humans given Cordyceps in the months after kidney replacement. [37]

There are two types of experiments on humans pass Cordyceps kidney transplant (c. Sinensis) [2] [37], where 1 gram of the supplement three times a day with other immunity appears to reduce urine protein and rates of morbidity of chronic nerve graft relative Cordyceps control. [37] There was toxicity device reduction witnessed in the following months with Cordyceps (7.53%) compared to the control group (18.35%) type, although when assessing liver ALT enzymes in patients without any hepatoxocitiy differences [37] mixed results suggest that the relative increase in [2] or no differences [37] in surviviability compared to controls.

Cordyceps appears to be beneficial when administered after a kidney transplant to reduce the infiltration of immune cells (step lead to the rejection of organ damage and possible) and when administered to humans codyceps seems that the protective effects of treatment with standard immunity

Bio X4 interaction with cancer

7.1. Chest

In the laboratory, Cordycepin seems to induce apoptosis and to reduce the spread of breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) with IC50 nearly 100uM. [38] Although the effect of each cell lines, appeared mechanisms vary.

In cells that do not respond to estrogen (MDA-MB-231), Cordycepin seems to induce DNA fragmentation in a manner dependent on the time and focus, leading to apoptosis. This seems to be related to a statement from the cytochrome of mitochondria to the cytoplasm associated with activation of caspases and PARP cleavage. [38] is a common aqueous extract in your thoughts Coryceps these effects associated with polarization in the mitochondrial membrane, apart from carrying through inhibition of AKT that are added with the inhibition of PI3K / AKT in the laboratory. [39] Only one other study has antiproliferative effects observed in this cell line, but very confused with other bioactive mushrooms. [40]

In MCF-7 cells, and cell death appeared to be self-phagocytosis. [38] Cordycepin not to cause DNA fragmentation, but 200um Resume gaps caused by phagocytosis and associated clearly with the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, which is usually thought to be a biomarker for self engorgement. It was unclear [41] The exact mechanism, but independent of the estrogen receptor. [38] Beyond apoptosis, Cordyceps ethanol acetate part (mycelium) in general appear to have antiproliferative effects on MCF-7 cells with IC50 value of 44.7ug / ml (87.37 +/- 1.61 Oil micrograms / ml, 79.57 + / - 2.68ug ethanol / mL, and water is effective). [11]

Another element, Cordymin shows (peptide) also prevent the spread of breast cancer MCF-7 cells at concentrations up to 5 mg / mL, but not more than 50% in disability. [14] The biological significance of this is unknown because of the large molecular weight (10,906Da) are long polypeptide may not absorbed in vivo. It was another peptide (12 kDa) capable of inducing cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells and reduce the susceptibility of 33.41 +/- 3.81% of the control over 15 or with IC50 of 9.3μM in the laboratory. [fifteen]

Finally, in 4T1 cells very soft line Cordyceps extract injected water soluble (10-50mg / kg) malignant tumor prevent large as measured in the lung (when the tumors were injected into the rodents) without significantly affect the size of the tumor at all. [42] In this study, the hypothesis that immunity Cordyceps properties easing macrophage made 4T1 cells from the G0 / G1 phase to GM, which manifested itself in the laboratory raised rate. [42]

A variety of vehicles that can benefit from breast cancer by reducing cell proliferation or induce the death of cancer cells, but is put any of these mechanisms currently in the models of life compared with the active control drug (to assess the effectiveness)

7.2. blood cancer

In the comparison of different fractions of Cordyceps mycelium in HL-60 ethanol (87.57 +/- 1.69), and ethanol ethyl (21.77 +/- 1.30) and oil cells (62.87 + / - 1.49), but no water is extracted some antiproliferative effects show up with those values ​​IC50 Including. [11]


7.3. skin cancer

In the laboratory, and it seems that Cordyceps mycelium extracts to prevent the proliferation of cells with IC50 values ​​of B16 melanoma cells in 99.47 +/- 1.67ug / ml in ethanol and acetate ethanol 12.17 +/- 1.24ug / ml, with excerpts from the water and oil is somewhat effective . [11] because it has been testing the fracture strength ethyl acetate in B16 tumors implanted with 0.05 mg / kg (injection) and tumor weight by 48% although it had less to do with the mice in the active control of Cytoxan (62%). [11] When comparing these biologically active extracts, ethyl acetate seem to have a great deal of ergosterol. [11]


7.4. Liver Cancer

In HepG2 cells, Cordyceps mycelium showing some adverse effects of the weak proliferative with ethanol (84.27 +/- 1.32ug / ml), ethyl acetate (16.27 +/- 1.39ug / ml), and oil derivatives (132.37 +/- 1.31ug / ml) , and values ​​their IC50. [11]

Bio X4 Colon and rectum

Cordyceps extract seems generally to reduce the spread of colon cancer cells (HT-29 and SW480) secondary to anti-inflammatory effects, and prevent induced NF- kB activity of TNF-α. [43]

Looking Cordyceps specific biologically active (this study used cell Colon205) line, there were no significant IC50 values, but some notable Cordycepin (+/- 32.6 3.2ug / ml) and ergosterol palmitate (62.4 + / - 3.2ug / ml) [10] This study also think that these mechanisms are secondary to anti-inflammatory effects, these effects have been observed in the colon previously in vivo [44].

Cordyceps does not have a peptide bioactive (which showed activity against breast cancer cells) in the same anti-proliferative activity against colon cancer cells [14] and also an extract of n-butanol and chloroform Cordyceps (Sinensis) does not significantly reduce the proliferation of Colon205 cell adenocarcinoma. Conducted [45] None of these studies in cultures with mediators of immune cells.

May interact with the immune system (suppression inside) is indirectly against cancer, but shares in the relatively poor cell cultures and there are no currently exists in vivo evidence

7.6. Bladder

I noticed in vitro study using bladder cancer cells (5637) that the cell line of 15 or peptide known as CMP was able to reduce the vulnerability of 39.06 +/- 15.60% control with IC50 8.1 or. [15] is not established a mechanism CMP.

Was Cordycepin in IC50 of 200um capable of carrying inhibition dose-dependent growth arrest possibly through G2 / M- phase in each of 5637 and T-24 cell lines with downregulation of several molecules are associated with the phase G2 / M (pCdc25c and cdc25C, and pCdc2 Cdc2 , cyclin B1). [46] does not seem to P27 and p53 protein that is involved in this arrest, with the activation of JNK by Cordycepin that appears to mediate the beneficial effects. [46] concurrent reduction in the AP-1, NF-KB and MMP-9 activity may be associated with genomic actions of cordycepin in bladder cancer cells. [47]

The potential effects against bladder cancer, but there is no evidence of in vivo efficacy or drug compared to active control


8. interactions longevity

8.1. Mechanisms

Cordyceps sinensis is believed to have anti-aging properties due to the improved state of antioxidant enzymes in the brain mice with accelerated aging (caused by D- galactose). [48]