5. interactions glucose metabolism

Nucific Bio X4 -4 in 1 Probiotic interactions glucose metabolism

5.1. Absorption

The circuit as a whole can reduce the absorption of carbohydrates as an inhibitor of alpha amylase and Maltas (starch and maltose digestive enzymes, respectively). [36] [37]

This has been observed in vivo with the ring oil (15% fish oil by weight) to 5% of the feed is associated with a 51% reduction in the AUC of glucose in plasma after one associated with food and infected diabetic rats enzymatic activity hydrate low-carbon (46 % and 37% reduction of the α-amylase and pancreatic Maltas; respectively 52% and 35% of the plasma) [23]

Reduce serum glucose was observed after the meal in healthy humans. [38]


5.2. Mechanisms

It was noted that steroid saponins in itself does not have a significant effect on the metabolism of glucose [28], and the ring (removal of soluble fiber) gumming removal reduces the ability of the ring to relieve blood glucose peaks after prandial. [38]

In rabbits diabetes, purified GII to 50 mg / kg is able to reduce blood sugar levels close to normal HbA1c ratio and reducing. [39]


5.3. Pancreas

The protective effect was observed on the beta cells in the pancreas with eating fenugreek seeds in diabetic rats [23] that have been observed with steroid saponin content isolated. [40]

4-hydroxy-isoleucine (henceforth 4OH- IL), and the ring most exclusive (and behind some of the synthesis of bacteria naturally [41] [42] or by modifying [43]) can stimulate the secretion of insulin from the beta cells in the pancreas under focus high glucose [44] with little or no effective under normal concentrations of glucose in the blood serum. [44] 4OH-ILE does not seem to interfere with other inducers of insulin secretion such as lysine [44] and 50 mg / kg of body weight may reduce glucose, LDL, and insulin in diabetic mice. [45] [46] [47]


5.4. Speeches

In rats with diabetes streptozotocin-induced 0.1500 mg / kg of fenugreek seeds daily for 21 days was associated with a 58% reduction in blood sugar levels (116 being higher than the actual control of the%) without a significant impact on insulin. [48] ​​also noted the decrease in the level of sugar in the blood in alloxan diabetic rats (seeds by 2-8G / kg) induced. [49]

And the associated 21-day 1500 mg / kg ring with liver enzyme G6P improvement (59% of the change is evident through reverse diabetes) and G6P dehydrogenase (30%), and improving glycogen storage in the liver. Phosphofructokinase, and lower for diabetes, it was not affected by it. Have been observed [48] A useful abnormal liver enzymes also in diabetic rats caused by alloxan both kidney and liver (5% of the diet of mice) [50]

It seems to hold some promise in reducing the vital signs of diabetes in diabetic rats
I noticed study the use of high doses of the track (by 2-8G daily) in diabetic rats induced alloxan that healthy mice also showed a decline in the level of sugar in the blood. [49]

This seems to be relevant in humans with Type I (100 grams ring defatted) [51] and Type II diabetics, where it was noted an increase of 53% in insulin sensitivity through the relationship HOMA control group using a 1 gram per day of alcoholic extract. [52]

Benefits witnessed to control blood sugar seeds themselves, [53] [54] Excerpts from defatted seed [55] and the development of the seed powder. [49] [38] [56] have been incorporated [57] ring bread product successfully to 5% accurate circuit weight without exerting adverse effects on the taste of the bread, this has been used in live to limit the peak glucose after eating bread in diabetic patients. [58]



6. metabolism and obesity

6.1. Speeches

Study the ring 2500 mg twice daily for 3 months to notice any change in the percentage of sugar in the blood or blood lipids in healthy people, but low blood sugar in patients with type II diabetes and reduced the parameters of blood lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) In people with both heart disease and diabetes. [59] This suggests that the ring has the ability to reduce the proportion of fat in the blood, but works commissioner despite the problems in the metabolism of glucose. [59]

Nucific Bio X4 skeletal muscle mass and performance

7.1. Skeletal muscle

When administered in 900 mg and together with 3.5G creatine monohydrate creatine + ring and seems to be effective in increasing lean body mass and strength for a period of 8 weeks, as dextrose together 70G color creatine. Included [60] Some of the problems with the latest study any real control group (Comparative Study), and a set of ring weighs less and more urgent in the foundation (randomization probably bad), and the bond financing in the field of biotechnology.


7.2. Glycogen

And refers Review [61] of stimulating effects on the above, in addition to activating the muscle glucose uptake of activating PI3K, and intermediate in the insulin signal. [62] This increased absorption may improve muscle glycogen replenishment after exercise [63], but has been challenged. [64] The difference may put the benefits seen after HIIT (80% VO2 max intervals) compared with exercise aerboic (50% VO2 Max fixed).



8. interact with hormones

8.1. Testosterone

In mice, the oral intake of 10-35mg furostanols / kg ring for 4 weeks may cause an increase in the weight of the crane Ani (believed to be indicative of anabolic actions in males) with no significant impact on circulating levels of testosterone. [65] prostate weight has not changed in this study.

Independent of the effects of the male sex hormone testosterone possible, although there is no evidence to support the idea that this is all a powerful tonic effect of masculinity (if replicated)
The ring proved once in 500 mg (brand name Testofen) to increase testosterone serum for 8 weeks in the male resistance training compared with placebo (the face of a decline in testosterone from baseline) [66] despite the fact that another study (which saw a decrease in DHT, a metabolite of testosterone) failed to find any significant impact on the total or free testosterone using similar methodology [67], and a study of 600 mg of Testofen for a period of 6 weeks in a man healthy has failed to find increased similarly testosterone. [68]

With regard to DHT, the only study to measure the observed decreased DHT 9.42% from the baseline for a period of 8 weeks of supplementation with 500 mg of the ring. [67]

Mixed results in the increase of testosterone in healthy men, although it seems that the support of the characteristics of the circuit 5 alpha-reductase by reducing DHT

8.2. Thyroid hormones

In dealing with foreign thyroid gland hormones cells (T3 and T4) so ​​as to induce high levels of blood sugar in mice, / fenugreek seeds was 220 mg kg able to suppress the increase in the level of sugar in the blood and increase thyroid hormones. Power which is comparable to 500 mg / kg and 10 mg Allium sativum / kg propylthiouracil (known anti-thyroid such as active control). [69]



9. interactions organs of the body

9.1. Liver

The ring has been observed to protect against oxidation of liver disease in 5% of the feeding male mice against the toxicity of aluminum chloride. [70]

The ring seems to be recommended for complications related to alcohol, according to the traditional use, like herbs such as Pueraria prohibited Hovinaa and sweet. [71]

And incubated in vitro study using (nonmalignant cells model for the study of ETOH [72] toxicity) Liver Zhang cells with 30 mM alcohol, and the reduction of cell viability to 45% and reduced-dependent manner concentration of 48% (20 micrograms / ml) 0.52% (40 mg / ml) and 75% (60 mg / ml) with incubation at one time. Active control of silymarin (milk thistle) for 30 mcg / ml retains 79% of the cells. Was [73] silymarin and the highest dose of polyphenols from the ring equally effective in maintaining the lipid peroxidation, and leakage LDH, and the permeability of the mitochondria. [73]

And it has been associated with A water extract of fenugreek seeds at one time for a 60-day alcohol intake with a reduction in the increase in liver enzymes and oxidation observed in the serum of mice treated with ethanol alone, suggesting the protective effects. [74]

You can protect the liver cells in response to the ingestion of ethanol (coadministration), despite the fact that there is plenty of evidence of this claim. Silymarin compared to the ring to propose a study of power is not noticeable either

Bio X4. Eyes

The alcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds to 2,000 mg / kg per day in rats disease alloxan diabetes-induced able to reduce cataract formation caused by diabetes, which, although less protective effect compared with the bark of Pterocarpus marsupium in 1,000mg / kg. [75]


9.3. Testicles

At least one study in diabetic rats has been observed that eating saponins ring associated with maintaining the enzymes of the synthesis of the steroid in the testes of mice (redutase HMG- CoA reductase, 3β-HSD, enzyme malic and G6P-DH) [40], which are reduced During diabetes.

Consumption of up to 35 mg / kg of furostanol component does not associated with any negative effect on the testicles (or prostate) as assessed by the tissue or organ weight. [65]



10. sexual activity and pregnancy

10.1. concupiscence

Fenugreek may also enhance the male libido when taken at 600 mg (Testofen brand, and 50% Fenusides) taken daily for 6 weeks. [68] This is the main measure was self-reported dozens of interviews Derogatis sexual self-determination (SR-DISF [76]) process, were reported general improvement and significant improvements in the sub-levels of satisfaction orgasm and sexual desire. This study did not track him with the product of the Appendix. [68]


10.2. Breastfeeding

Fenugreek is an herb usually recommended to increase milk production in pregnant women [77] and is seen by some as one of the few herbs with promising evidence. [78] [79] It is said (traditionally) that the ring "stimulate the production of race" and this affects the milk production as structures (and sweat glands milk glands) are similar. [80] [81]

Some experiments have been carried out on this subject, and it seems the ring to be able to increase milk production in recent placebo mothers. [80] which were placebo control 31.1 +/- 38.8 and +/- 16.3mL 12.9mL respectively, and the ring was a group capable of producing 73.2 +/- 53.5mL after consuming at least 3 cups (200 ml) of tea ring ( Tea, however, Humana) for three days.

Mechanism of action is not known precisely, but may be related phytoesteogens or diosgenin. [80] have revealed there are not many studies the presence of biologically active ring in breast milk, but the antioxidant capacity of breast milk to mothers who drink tea ring and evaluation found no significant difference compared to placebo. [82]

Limited evidence to support fenugeek improve milk production, but the tea ring has preliminary evidence to support this traditional use.

Bio X4. Carry

Fenugreek, in doses of 800 mg / kg of body weight or higher (/ kg estimated human dose of 128 mg) mice, is a substance potentially teratogenic [83] which can cause birth defects when taken by pregnant women. I suppose mechanism teratogenesis be through inhibition of stem cell differentiation. [84]


10.4. Breast enhancement

The ring is sometimes used as a material breast enhancement [85] There is no evidence to support this idea.


10.5. Menopause

Has traditionally been (and now through non-medical associations) has recommended the ring as a treatment for menopause on reducing vaginal dryness. [86] At the present time there is not enough evidence to support the allegations.



11. other medical conditions

11.1. Parkinson's

(Note the damage a similar area of ​​the brain damaged in Parkinson's, and thus is animal research model) and single oral dose of 10-100mg / kg SFSE-T given to the mice 6 hydroxydopamine toxicity before and MPTP nerve noted that the treatment of 30mg / kg was associated with less toxicity when neurological signs Prefabricated, but not when followed SFSE-T nervousness. [24]



12. interactions elements nutritious food

12.1. fish oil

Fish oil seems to increase the effectiveness of the ring to the reduction of post-prandial peaks of sugar in the blood, and showed a mixture (5%), half fish oil and half the ring attenuation greater proportion of sugar in the blood that the same amount (5%) of the ring alone. [2. 3]


12.2. Arcabose

Arcabose is the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used to treat diabetes by attentuating launch the release of glucose in the blood. 1: 0.8-1.2 weight ratios Arcabose: fenugreek gum (soluble fiber) and the ring appearance may increase the release of arcabose is fully absorbed in one hour and full absorption delay for up to 8 hours, it is suggested that gum ring can intestinal improved half-life. [21]

Because the ability of the ring to be to combat diabetes, and works in synergy in the delivery of medicines and additives in attentuating high glucose. [21]



13. The safety and toxicity

13.1. Public

It showed an oral dose of 3 g / kg of body weight of extracting ethanol ring any negative effects in one study, and did not familiarize larger doses because it was above the dose hypoglycaemia than 1 g / kg. [87] In another study, was appointed LD50 in 3.5G / kg in female mice and 4.1 g / kg in male. [84]

Allergies have been observed the ring appears to be tied with Leguminoseae family members, and said both subjects respond to the chickpeas as well; if you are allergic to chickpeas, they can interact with the ring. [88]

Bio X4. Pregnancy / Parenting

Historically it used the ring as abortion, or a compound capable of causing abortion. [89] and the proposed mechanisms is through contractions in the uterine wall, which also leads to the light at the end of the third quarter.

When overfed rats (800 mg / kg of body weight), and the ring study also showed teratogenic potential to be overlapping with the division of stem cells. [83]. This roughly translates to a dose of 128 mg / kg in humans.


13.3. Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a condition caused by insufficient metabolism of BCAA. And aromatic in the ring, sotolon, and can be used as a criterion for the diagnosis of MSUD, as found in the urine of people with this metabolic imbalance and gives a distinctive smell. [14] usually do not appear in the urine of healthy people because of not eating, but can occur in people who drink or consume the ring, leading to the wrong diagnosis. [90] maternal consumption of sotolon can also transfer the child after birth, and the reason through the generations erroneous diagnoses. [91]

Some human interventions have side for "quirky" or "sweet" smell in the urine effects. [31]