Ecdysteroids are a class of chemical compounds (ketosteroids hydroxyl, with multiple lists) that are similar structurally to androgens. It is being studied as well as the growth of plants, insects, and derived its name (ecdy-) the molting process of insects, called alienation.
Nucific Bio X4
Ecdysteroid are included Ecdysteroids category popular "ecdysone '' ecdisterona '' turkesterone 'and '20 -hydroxyecdysone. These four are the most studied, but everyone agrees on the same general characteristics ecdysteroid although it is a little different energy and spin. Turkesterone seems that most anabolic .They have some biological effects in mammals when ingested by mouth, and those who are called by some researchers as "similar to steroids without supposed to behave androgenic effect." [1] Due to the lack of reminders, and their safety features are far greater than the anabolic androgenic steroids.
Moreover, it seems to have a variety of side effects that are considered healthy. Ecdysteroids can lower cholesterol and blood sugar, as the health of the liver and intestines, and increased rates of protein synthesis, and can have a protective effect on nerve tissue.
And the lack of tracks currently available for humans, but the evidence is promising is available for in vitro studies on human muscle fibers, as well as several animal models show growth rates improved with the ingestion of ecdysteroid.
What You Should Know
Also known as
Soma extract, pfaffia, Brazilian ginseng, beta ecdysterone, turkesterone, ecdisterona
Things to consider
Ecdysterone is not encouraging.
1. sources and structure
Eleven. Resources
Ecdysteroids found in many plants (about 6% of the existing plants) [2], although the level at which it was usually not sufficient either to extract or biological activity. Some plants that are higher in some bio-active ecdysteroids are:
Asparagus Filicinus [3]
OLERACEA Spinacia (spinach, the source of 20 hydroxyecdysone) [4]
Quinoa, mostly in the bran contains mainly 2 - hdyroxyecdysone and makisterones [5], ranging from 450-1300mcg / g ecdysone equivalent [6].
Yams [7]
White button mushrooms [5]
Ajuga turkestanica, a source C-11 hydroxylated 'Turkesterone "[8]
carthamoides Rhaponticum
Silene Praemixta (2-deoxyecdysterone 2-deoxy alpha-ecdysone)
VITEX scabra, after the 1.8% of the weight ecdysteroids [9], as well as other types of VITEX [10], such as cymosa [11] and canescens [12]
Ecdysterones their name from the presence of a steroid (sterone) skeleton and which is associated with the process of molting, also known as alienation. The reason for its presence in plants (as is the insect hormone) is to protect plants from insects Misfits, and thus are phytoalexin. [13]
Bio X4 Structure
'' Ecdysteroids hormone compounds are involved in the sexual behavior of insects and molting and transformation. Ecdysteroids sharing structural similarities with testosterone, seen as testosterone compound as the most active of insects. It is also present in the plants to deter predators. [2] [4] After ecdysterone family spine showed a year, and represented in the molecule beta ecdysterone.
. Although there are more than 200 ecdysteroids known when in 2001 [2] and recorded 463 [14] Most of them are not biologically active when ingested by mouth [15] and the most common, either orally or search include:
Ecdysone
And beta ecdysterone Ecdysterone
20-hydroxyecdysone
Turkesterone
A Integristerone
24 (28) -dehydramakisterone
Viticosterone E
Sileneoside A and C
Ponasterone A
Cyasterone
2. Pharmacy
21. bioavailability and pharmacological
In one study, using 0.2 mg / kg of body weight ecdysteroids (as ecdysone and 20 hydroxyecdysone) ecdysone seemed to have an elimination half-life of 4 hours and 20 hydroxyecdysone elimination half-life of 9 hours of human beings. [15] active half-life in humans is unknown.
However, mouse models half-life of 8.15 minutes to show 20 hydroxyecdysone when a dose of 50 mg / kg of body weight injected into the caudal vein has been replicated [16] and similar results to the 20- hydroxyecdysone elsewhere. [17] and medium -Life 48 minutes (ecdysteroid ponasterone A) when injected a dose of 750ug It was also noted. [18]
2.2. Cell interactions and receiver
It has been reproduced A cytoplasmic receptors in the fruit fly, called DopEcR, which connects ecdysterones and dopamine. [19] has been interpreted by some that the mechanisms of action through this future, and not genomic in nature (do not affect the cell) nucleus. [20] include [21] is the possible effects of calcium ion flow genomic pay phosphorylation AKT, which is discussed in the section on protein synthesis.
There is also a virtual nuclear receptors (mammal) in the superfamily of nuclear [22] receptors. Ecdysterone dimerizes receptors with Ultraspiracle (USP) receptors in insect genes to influence, but in humans must dimerize with RXR [15] Although insects USP receptors may dimerize with a wide range of nuclear receptors, for ECR complex :. RXR must in all mammals effects occur. [23] ECR RXR receptor binding does not lead to genetic effects in vertebrates. [24] It has been noted however, that the RXR partner "reluctant" to ECR and RXR relative surplus required for signaling through the ECR genetic: RXR. This is what came in one study [15] With regard to the achievement of another model in the laboratory cell line from Chinese hamster ovary. [25]
Ecdysteroids, specifically 20 hydroxyecdysone pinnatasterone and implicated as the pumps inhibitors of efflux P- glycoprotein and may interact with other medicines that is represented on a large scale by the P- glycoprotein, as berberine or horny goat weed. [26]
2.3. Media secretion and metabolism
In (and human) mice secretion is done both through feces and urine. Studies indicate that feces path preferably also be selected ecdysteroids by the liver and then sent to the bile acids [27] [28], but at least one study all the ways may be equally important have shown, [16] Although the study used the last 50 mg / kg of body weight in ecdysteroids injection.
Find metabolism in the stool, it has been observed 4-deoxyecdysone, as well as compounds with ring B reduced completely. [29] It has been observed in a previous review that this metabolic "reminds us of the liver 3-4 in a decrease in the A-ring steroid hormones vertebrates." [15] When the side of the division series between C20 and C22 production, metabolism poststerone and 12 may deoxypoststerone (20 hydroxyecdysone). [17] A novel metabolic 2β, 3β, 6α, 22R, as noted 25 pentahydroxy-5β-cholest-8 (14) of smell in rats. [17] Finally, the metabolite 14-deoxy--20 ecdysone (called the main metabolite in human urine) may interact with the small intestine, is known as the bacteria that cause dehydroxylation steroid compounds. [30]
In humans, the urinary excretion of ecdysterone tend to be one of the three vehicles; or in the form of ecdisterona unchanged, 2-deoxyecdysterone or deoxyecdysone. Primary urinary metabolite, to 99.34%, is deoxyecdysone in 21 hours after ingestion of ecdysterone 20mg. [31] It was noted the presence of urinary excretion biphasic parent compound with urine in 68 hours as well. Have been found [31] These metabolites also in mice urine. [32]
There really is not a lot of information on this subject can be seen as "inconclusive." It seems that there has not been studied a wide range of vehicles, or 20- HE lasted longer in humans than mice (4.1h against 8.15m) or dose-response subsidiaries. Not sure at this time.
Bio X4. Neuroscience
Ecdysterone is able to increase the induction of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase both [33] and glutamic decarboxylase. [34] These effects are downstream ecdysteroids be able to increase protein synthesis, such as increasing protein synthesis (through more effective as assumed by Uchiyama and Otaka flexible [35] [36]) applied to tissue protein (skeletal muscle and body protein), and enzymes. Decarboxylaze glutamate increases by 25-30% measured in vivo after 2.5-50ug / kg of body weight, although the dose dependency is not clear. [3. 4]It also has some protective effects against nerve toxins. [37] [38]
4. Cardiovascular Health
4.1. Cholesterol
Phytoecdysones (global family that belongs to the ecdisterona) some promise and cholesterol-lowering agents [39] show, and perhaps by increasing the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids. These are found in the effects of 2.5 mg / kg of body weight.
5. interactions glucose metabolism
It seems Ecdysterone (term interchangeably Hydroxyecdysterone 20 or 20-HE) to be able to suppress the formation of glucose sugar levels and liver at the lowest thus independent of insulin secretion and blood serum levels. [40] It seems that the suppression of glucose metabolism to be one of the carboxy-kinase Alvesvoainol pyruvate and glucose 6-phosphatase, as well as to induce phosphorylation of AKT in the liver cells. [41]
When mice are fed a dose of 10 mg / kg of body weight, a composite 20-hydroxyecdysone unable to exercise on the effects of anti-diabetic and anti-obesogenic in the models of obesity in animals indicate that the same effects in humans may be made. Cause [41] These changes also more adiponectin secretion from rat adipose cells. [41] It has been shown in other models, and finally, to practice anti characteristics of diabetes are similar regardless of the method of ingestion / injection. [42] [43]
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