5. exercise and performance

5. exercise and performance

Nucific Bio X4 Aerobic Performance

In a pilot study with the resistance 8 cyclists experienced without changes in diet or training, and apart from one day of rest before the trial, high doses of Maca (2 g of 5: Extract 1; biomechanical 10G) taken for 2 noted weeks before boarding primary a significant reduction in time to complete the process of +/- 57,62-56,56 +/- 3.14min 2.68min (1.84% reduction) when compared to the baseline to last supplementation, placebo tended to improve, but it did not reach the level of an important . [27] When comparing the performance of a placebo and Maca-time track instead of against them from the ground up, there were not significant differences. [27]

Currently flimsy evidence to assess the appeal interaction and physical activity, and the preliminary results suggest something special


6. immune and inflammation

6.1. Speeches

A study was conducted compared with polyherbal mixture of Maca (1500 mg) to 300 mg Uncaria guianensis against glucosamine 1500 mg sulfate, and despite all the associated rates of significant improvement in polyherbal mixture treatments was associated with treatment less 'Rescue' (paracetamol given to the participants and to that when it does not consume rid of joint pain with treatment). [1] This study received funding from the company that produces a combination polyherbal. [1]



7. interaction with hormones

7.1. Testosterone

Third-generation 1.5G and 3G failure of appeal for 12 weeks to increase circulating testosterone levels in healthy men. Used [40] These same doses in a study of 12 weeks by other authors in men, it was observed increase Bah (according to the evaluation of self-determination), which amounted to 24.4% .40%, and 42.2% of subjects in the appeal on 4 , 8 and 12 weeks (respectively), while the placebo was any increase in the 8 and 12 weeks; and this is independent increase Bah testoterone, which did not differ between the groups. [23] There are no traces of masculinity or an increase in testosterone in postmenopausal women take Maca 3.5G daily for 6 weeks. [32]

Maca does not seem to be significant interactions masculinity behind the circulation of testosterone, as this study did not observe any interaction of the components of appeal with the androgen receptor [41].

Any current study has established to enhance the capacity Maca testosterone or its components
A study conducted on mice using bullets to induce testicular damage and indicated that while Maca extract 2.2G (hypocotyls boiled) able to keep the sperm was unable to prevent the decline in testosterone levels caused by bullets. [42] and the failure of a similar dose of 2 g / kg, which is comparable to the traditional use of Maca is also in effect on testosterone levels in healthy mice. [43]

Interestingly, the situation that reveal the testosterone in a woman taking Maca study indicated but attributed this to appeal to interfere with the test protocol; more testing revealed normal level of testosterone accuracy. [44]


7.2. Estrogen

Hormone circulating estrogen was not affected by the appeal to 1.5 grams a 3G daily for 12 weeks in healthy men, [40] and the results have been replicated in other places with dose and duration of the study [23] Similarly, women after menopause, using 3.5 grams per day for 6 weeks . [32]

There is currently no evidence to suggest that it works by increasing estrogen levels Live
The study, using the MCF-7 breast cancer cells (sensitive cell line to estrogen) The appeal 0.1-100ug / ml capable of inducing the proliferation and induced a significant estrogenicity in concentration 100-200ug / ml, but it was less powerful than the concentrations of physiological estrogen; the [45] potency similar to that of silymarin from milk thistle have been observed [45] carcinogenic effects in vivo when given to rats getter ovarian 0.24 g / kg extract ethanol from Maca (equivalent to 1.25 grams was extract / root kg), where uterine weight measured after 28 weeks 121.9% for ovarian getter control, but 59.5% of the control is menopause. [46] In another study using a lower dose of the three types of Maca Oozart 4 weeks for any effects of estrogen, [47] also failed estrogenic effects to be observed in the other tests in the laboratory. [32]

Maca is some evidence directly acting as a phytoestrogen, but now the evidence is mixed and the operation of this importance Anonymous

Bio X4. Follicle stimulating hormone

In a 12-week double-blind using Maca at any of the 3G of Maca 1.5 g taken in three divided doses a third group taking 1.5 g in a single dose, and the men in this study, no difference based distribution (and thus 1.5 g gathered both teams together) and not have a significant impact on the follicle-stimulating hormone, and found [40] Similar results in postmenopausal women who take Maca 3.5G daily for 6 weeks [32].


7.4. Hormone

Study for 12 weeks in good health to take any 1.5 g 3 grams daily for appeal not significantly affect the circulating hormone levels in 4, 8, or 12 weeks in the men's time. [40] There was also a lack of 3.5G daily after taking effect for a period of 6 weeks in postmenopausal women. [32]



8. bone metabolic reactions
In the form of female mice getter ovary (research model menopause) Maca 0.096 or 0.24 g / kg have been observed from the extraction of ethanol (0.5 and / kg of dried root extract 1.25 g, respectively) for 28 weeks to 0.096 g / kg of work to maintain on bone mineral density for the control of the (tend to be non-significant), while 0.24 g / kg and increasing the diameter of the femur calcium content to a higher level of control, while the normalization of bone mineral density control. [46] It is possible that this was secondary to estrogen actions, because this study, an increase in uterine weight of rats fed getter ovarian observed 0.24 g / kg appeal. [46]



9. interactions organs of the body

9.1. Liver

In the laboratory, methanolic extracts water appeal to be either no effect on the function of the liver cells at concentrations 0.1-10ug / ml as assessed by MTT, LDH, AST and drop-out shows (indicating a permeability membrane) and when incubated for an extended period of time (72 hours) acted really to reduce the leakage of LDH and AST to 61.2% and 55.6% of control; respectively, with more than 1 ug / ml concentration being the Protection of Human Rights Association leak to a large extent. [45] However, it seems that this study in the laboratory to oppose the initial toxicity data in humans, where the only side effects observed with Maca 0.6 grams taken daily for 90 days and was a slight increase in serum levels of AST. [38] The reason for this discrepancy is unknown, but probably not mediated oxidation As it turns out appeal in this study have relatively weak antioxidant properties, and a test for DPPH indicated that water and methanol extract had for the value of IC50 3.46 +/- 0.16mg / ml and 0.71 +/- 0.10 mg / ml, respectively. It was associated with [45] and appeal to increase with superior levels of liver superior, as well as increased serum gluathione cut, although CD and TBARS (marker of lipid peroxidation) in serum are not affected. [39]

Clear effects on the liver

9.2. Prostate

Red seems to appeal to the alternative to be able to stop the growth of the prostate, where black and yellow is effective to do so. 2G [12] In this study, due to / kg of aqueous extract of red maca was a day for the prices a week less weight prostate ventral with respect to control, through 14 and 42 days to normalize appeal to the significant increase in the weight of prostate after injection of testosterone, and canceled also increased seminal vesicle weight. [12]

The active ingredient such as benzyl glucosinolate Red HPLC peak in the appeal coincided with the first study of these components [12] and Stoic study established a dose-dependent decrease in prostate size in benzylglucosinolates test 0.02-0.08mg / ml may be, [19] and reduced prostate size consistent with glucosinolates 0.1 mg by mouth for 14 days (although the full abolition of the extension of this study was not found). He noted [19] This study also found that delivery benzylglucosinolate 0.1 mg extracts (completely abstract does not give the list) was more effective in suppressing the weight gain of 0.1 mg finasteride prostate without affecting the seminal vesicles weight [19] (compared to results observed previously with 2G / kg [12]). The second study with red, conducted Maca use finasteride as a positive rat control red and comparing Maca (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 g / kg) dose confirmed with 0 dependency 0.1 g / kg to reach importance, while the second part of the study using 0.6 mg / kg finasteride pointed out that the 0.1-0.5 g / kg Red Maca (0.64% benzylglucosinolate) content was more effective in suppressing the growth of the prostate without affecting the seminal vesicle weight. I assumed [48] writers working mechanism to convert the estuary DHT. [48] ​​increase in testosterone in these mice is the appeal, which is usually the result of 5α reductase inhibitors such as finasteride [49] or the ring, indicating a lack of interaction at the level of the enzyme 5-AR.

Bio X4

Results are very promising in the Red Maca, perhaps as strong as finasteride in reducing prostate size (biomarker of risk of prostate cancer); must repeat studies or outside Peru (manufacturer and exporter of Red Maca, this could be a similar problem to policosanol and Cuba) and conducted in humans
The role of glucosinolates benzyl (apparently active in suppressing the growth of the prostate component) with respect to sperm is unknown, since previous studies that do not play a role show, but negative testosterone allows to induce sperm size vesicle while the only other grass expression of glucosinolates benzyl, Tropaeolum potato plant, is known to suppress sperm [50] (although the causal relationship was not placed on the active substance). Some authors suspect that the polyphenols may play a role, but at the moment this is not evaluated. [51]

Benzyl glucosinolates regular name of the student Glucotropaeolin glucosinolates, which tends to constitute 80-90% of the total glucosinolate weight; surprising was found Glucotropaeolin content Maca environmental models are not much different, with the content of 81.37%, 80.30% and 80.25% for the red, yellow and black on respectively reporting one study. [10]

In addition, the appeal of the Red found to suppress the increase of prostate zinc levels that facilitate the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This study also found a significant correlation between the zinc and weight levels of prostate prostate, although the correlation coefficient was r = 0.76. [52]

Although the Red Maca is associated with a decrease in prostate size from other strains, it appears that this may not be due to benzyl glucosinolate content because this is not much different between environmental models; perhaps molecule is not currently known (or bias in the studies Peru) is responsible / Credit

9.3. Testicles

In a study of testicular damage caused by lead, where he was feeding bullets mice for 35 days and gave appeal on 18, it was found to be 2.2 g / kg per day Maca (boiled extract hypocotyl) act to ease the limit on the seminal vesicle that results from exposure to lead weight , and the preservation of the testis weight. [42]

With respect to sperm, it has stated that Black Maca has more beneficial effects on spermatogenesis in connection with the yellow and red [43] to increase the daily production of sperm saw with yellow and red sometimes do not reach statistical significance. [11] A comparative study between the various black extracts appeal to more than 7 days notice that the percentage of ethyl acetate was the most effective in increasing the daily production of sperm, although the extraction of chloroform seems to increase the count rate was sperm in a bowl deferans while both equally effective in increasing the number of sperm in the epididymis. [53] In general, the improvements can be seen in sperm production per day from 1 supplements in mice [43] and improvements in the number of sperm that can be independent of the increase in the daily production of sperm. [54] These increases in daily sperm production seems to be related to an increase sperm. [55] [56] [57]

Maca is also able to reverse the suppression of the number of sperm and semen from lead even when preceded by exposure to lead and continue through the appeal [42] and the administration has been associated with maintaining low sperm caused by high altitude. [6] It is interesting that this finding could be an explanation for why maca has an impressive record, such as the use of fertility also grown exclusively in the highlands of 4000-4500m above sea level, while this study was conducted in the 4340m. [4]