4. interact with hormones

Nucific Bio X4 -4 in 1 Probiotic

4.1. Cortisol

DHEA is in the semi-equilibrium with the hormone cortisol, two hormones of the opposite pressure hypothalamus pituitary gland, adrenal gland. Each common share of hormones is a prerequisite, because both stimulated release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). [39] This relationship tends to arise in the two-tier circulating cortisol is the 'peak' of the activity of the morning and decreases throughout the day, while DHEA is seen as more stable but it also saw a decline; linked to two positive serum, one tends to increase along in individuals healthy. [40] [41] [42] It is interesting, that is a decrease in DHEA has seen with age drop in cortisol and affect this balance. Therefore, the old can not in itself cause abnormal balance. [43] Since DHEA is less volatile than cortisol, which is seen as the best activity of the adrenal gland biomarker. [40] [44]

And they are in a relationship, and this relationship is the deviations in pathological cases. Higher cortisol :. DHEA ratios (more cortisol, DHEA less) are depression-resistant, [45] [46] [47] anorexia nervosa, [48] bipolar disorder, [49] and to a lesser extent, schizophrenia [49] [50] supplements DHEA in 100 mg for 6 weeks has actually been proven to help in the symptoms of schizophrenia, although not as powerful as the healing compound. [51] [52] This is a disputed area of ​​research [53] the opposite side. True relationship, as well, with low cortisol DHEA relationship implicated in chronic fatigue syndrome. [54]

Cortisol / DHEA ratio may underlie variation in the responses to DHEA. Study in schizophrenia and indicated that the most beneficial effects observed in people with higher levels of the hormone cortisol in relation to DHEA, and lower in those with more stable relations. [55]

It has been shown melatonin and other compounds that have been implicated in cortisol DHEA ratio to increase DHEA in respect of cortisol [56] and L- theanine may be more effective in schizophrenia patients who have high cortisol to DHEA [57].

And it involved a balance between the two hormones, and DHEA may have a number of benefits associated with the presence of an abnormal ratio of the "right" of these two cases hypercortisolemia (high cortisol in the blood)

4.2. Testosterone (and androgens)

Acute 50 mg DHEA supplements before exercise can increase free testosterone in middle-aged men and prevent further decline in high-intensity training. [58]


4.3. Estrogen hormone (estrogen and related)



5. interact with the metabolism of fats and heart health

5.1. Endothelium and vascular health

DHEA has been found to interact with a side of G- protein receptors in the cytosol, and that can occur through the MAPK and PI3K / AKT waterfall, resulting in an increase of the boat and NO. [20] [59] This receiver has a good ability of DHEA 48.7 hours, saturated 1-10uM the scope and effects of heart disease activating granted. Was [20] and indicators vital to the lives of these receptors after taking DHEA 50mg, and the granting of the effects of heart disease. [21]

You can exercise direct protective effects on the endothelium (blood vessel wall) and help maintain the health and functionality ship

5.2. Hardening of the arteries and cholesterol

DHEA to reduce the levels of lipoprotein has been suggested through his conversion to estrogen [60]

Interventions in humans and animals, DHEA supplements appear to reduce the lipoprotein levels. However, total cholesterol and two fragments of total and LDL cholesterol, low HDL, and it seems to be independent to some extent of the disease state or the previous case. [61] [62] [63] [64] [21]

Some studies do not take into account reductions in fatty proteins, and whether these studies into account any reduction in each of the lipoprotein (theoretically) secondary to any reduction in estrogen [65] or not estrogen measurement. [66] There are a few studies considered the contradictions in the literature, and increased estrogen without notice change in lipoproteins. [67]

However, it could not be found for future studies on atherosclerosis, a link between levels of DHEA / DHEAS and causing hardening of the arteries, which indicates there is no relationship between the two. [68]

There is evidence that DHEA reduces the ability of most of lipoproteins, and this may be indirectly through the actions of estrogen. LDL and HDL decreases each experiment, however, the clinical significance of DHEA thus be protective of the heart lost its credibility

Nucific Bio X4 interactions longevity

6.1. Telomeres

The study put forward refers to lengthen the telomeres at a dose of DHEA 5-12.5mg per day, while higher doses of telomere shortening. [3] However, the analysis through a bi-directional test O- ring did not prove reliable only have been published validation BDORT in the magazine test, by the author. [69] [70] In addition to these data, there are other studies achieved a supplemental DHEA and telomere length.



7. interactions with glucose metabolism

7.1. Human interventions

Studies is the idea that DHEA improves insulin sensitivity improvements find 50 mg daily for 6 months or more (65+) Individuals age with getting rid of abnormal glucose, which lowers glucose AUC removal rate, no significant effects on insulin. It indicates that insulin sensitivity. [71] [72] This dose was found in women with glucose intolerance for a period of 3 months to mitigate the negative effects with the passage of time, but of no use insulin sensitivity. Profit [73] study to 25 mg per day were susceptible to insulin in individuals without the disruption of sugar in the blood showed, [74] and mechanisms study looking short term noticed an increase in the proportion of sensitivity to insulin (but no improvement in the removal of glucose) by increasing the T cell binding to insulin . [75] In a study using 10% DHEA cream pointed out that it was able to reduce insulin levels (-17%) and fasting glucose (-11%). [76]

Showed 25 mg of DHEA per day in men who suffer from high cholesterol also benefit in insulin sensitivity. [77]

It does not seem useful results to be dose-related, as DHEA superloading 1600mg per day in men does not need insulin sensitizing effects. [78]

According to some studies used to back significant improvements in insulin sensitivity of 50 mg per day for 3 months healthy men suffering from increasing weight-old with a low (less than 1500ng / ml) DHEA. DHEA until the trend towards significance, and seem to have any impact direction. [65] This has been observed decrease in efficiency leading to any direction about the importance of anywhere else in doses that would operate normally. [79] [80] in postmenopausal women DHEA, which does not show any effectiveness, the combination of DHEA and exercise do not create mixed effectiveness of DHEA. [81]

He noted some studies have indicated a blank trends about the importance of results, and reduce insulin levels and AUC, [63]

Two have observed at least from studies and a slight increase in the presence of insulin levels without changes in glucose levels in the blood serum in 50-75mg per day, indicating a trend toward insulin resistance as well, although the degree of resistance was low. [82] [83]

The effects of supplemental DHEA on insulin sensitivity is questionable

7.2. Sexual dimorphism

It is possible that the insulin sensitizing effects may be more present in men, due to the increasing circulation of the state after androgen supplements DHEA. Be reduced androgen with aging and is inversely related to insulin sensitivity [72] and studies on insulin sensitivity after supplementation with DHEA, in spite of the lack of consensus looks promising more than men women (although this may be secondary to existing studies less for men) . [77] [71] and enhances this somewhat better be seen with DHEA supplements, topical (cream) in women, [76] and topical administration boosts the metabolism of androgens in peripheral tissues to greater than oral administration degree. [31]



8. interaction with muscle mass

Bio X4 In young people

With regard to tests carried out on young people with DHEA, a trial was conducted in 9 men 23 +/- 4 years and found that DHEA in 150 mg daily for 6-8 weeks (1.2, 4- 5.7 to 8) and was unable to increase of circulating testosterone and estrogen levels, and that can not be measured as a result of the loss of DHEA levels in serum samples. [84] of 100mg DHEA in 19-year-old male +/- 1 increase circulation of DHEA by 2.5 times, increase testosterone, decreased signs of the collapse of the muscles in the blood circulation. [85] Another study of men age 19-22 who use DHEA of 100mg daily for 28 days circulating testosterone increases 18.2 +/- 25.4 +/- 6.8nM to 8.1nM indicate an increase of 39% (increase free testosterone by 4% ), but this increase, when combined with football training, can not muscle mass and skeletal affect. [86]

Beyond these studies, 40MG DHEA in obese adolescents grant any benefit to the skeletal muscles, and may not be measured [87] DHEA from 25mg any increase testosterone in youth and muscle mass, [88] but obscene than 1,600 mg dose daily for 28 days was able reduce fat mass without a change in weight, which means muscle hypertrophy without affecting testosterone. [78]

100-150 mg DHEA seems to increase testosterone levels in most studies (no consensus), but this does not in itself result in an increase in muscle mass and skeletal. Combining studies of effective doses of DHEA and weight lifting are suffering from a lack of young people


9. interactions with fat mass and obesity

9.1. eat the food

I found several studies measuring the food intake of the mice that received DHEA that taking DHEA is associated with reduced food intake by 0.3% by weight of the food, [89] 0.4% [90] and 0.6% [91] [92]. Interestingly, DHEA has been involved in reducing the intake of high-fat foods specifically, as low as 25 mg / kg of body weight [93] dose of 4 mg / kg of body weight after the surface of the body of man conversion.

And associated, DHEAS, apparently related to a feeling of fullness after feeding on humans. [94]

DHEA may independently be reduced calorie consumption, especially of fat, which can contribute to the reduction observed in body fat

9.2. Mechanisms

In a study of rats castrated and non-castrated there are no differences in the anti-obesity effects, and suggested that DHEA practiced anti-obesity special effects instead of converting to testosterone. [89]

DHEA has been implicated in the reduction of PPARy protein receptors in fat cells content, as well as structured lipid binding protein fat cell protein and sterol binding element. As proven [90] DHEA in rats to increase the expression of protein decoding link in adipocytes. [95]


9.3. Speeches

I noticed a research study of a large dose of DHEA (1600mg) 31% reduction in fat mass, compared with baseline, no significant changes in body weight. [78]



10. interaction with the digestive system

10.1. Digest food

A study conducted on rats aged between 0.5% DHEA food content for 13 weeks a slight decrease in the absorption of protein in the intestine in 2 weeks (-4%), while 6 have been offset this decline weeks. [96]

The absorption of fatty acids seem to be affected by supplementation with DHEA. [96]


10.2. Colorectal cancer

Linked to the case of DHEA in the blood with the risk of colon cancer, where the confirmed cases of colon cancer less than 13% circulating DHEA and DHEAS by 21% depending on age and group matching controls, suggesting a relationship between DHEA and reduce the risk of colon cancer. [97]

Oxygenated metabolism of DHEA has been observed (metabolism that are not estrogenic or androgenic steroids) in Caco -2 cells (in vitro model of the intestine cells) that have anti-proliferative properties and can suppress the growth of cancer. [98]

Bio X4 interactions nerves

11.1. Mood and care

, Usually open-label, and DHEA supplements is associated with better mood when some studies in the past have been given to the elderly with low levels of DHEA in the blood circulation. [99] [80] [100] When the double-blind placebo studies, and an increase in well-being is the two groups DHEA and placebo supplemented groups conducted. Which indicates that there is no effect of treatment in healthy individuals. [30] [101] [102] [103] This is not the consensus, some studies do not increase in healthy men, but require androgen deficiency as a precondition. [104]

DHEA is believed to increase the well-being because of the ability of DHEA supplements to increase the circulating levels of beta-endorphins and other neurosteroids assocaited with happiness in the body [104] [72] and the brain. [105]

This is in contrast to any case of adrenal insufficiency, where circulating levels of DHEA is low because of the low activity of the adrenal glands instead of the age-related decline. In this case, DHEA supplements effective to increase the mood more than placebo and well-being. Proposed [106] [107] One study that this can be extended to patients with HIV also stable. [108]

It seems very reliable agent increases the mood in people with adrenal failure, but in healthy individuals, it does not seem to be effective. In older men suffering from androgen deficiency there is no consensus on the effects of DHEA on mood, because it seems mixed


12. effects of the prostate

12.1. Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

PSA is a biomarker used to measure prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer risk. [109] and when PSA levels rise in the blood, and suggests that the risk of prostate cancer can be increased.

Note of the studies on DHEA supplements in men or measure any increases in PSA circulating PSA levels in 100 mg daily for one year [110] or 6 months [111] at 50 mg in the short term [112] [65] or 6 months. [113]

In the laboratory, DHEA seems to be able to increase the secretion of PSA prostate cancer cells and only if less energy than other androgens like testosterone. [112] [114]

Although there is no biological basis of DHEA and its components (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone) to increase the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and increase the risk of prostate cancer do not appear in moderate doses when taken over 40 men without prostate cancer

12.2. Prostate weight

In rat studies, where the prostate measure under DHEA doses over a long period of time is not accompanied by an increase in prostate weight in spite of the increase in testosterone and DHEA / DHEAS traded. [115]



13. intervention studies (humans) at a glance
This section is mostly thanks to the comprehensive review of the many studies that combines in 2011, although new studies were added. [6]


13.1. In men

This examination [6] found 28 study of DHEA in men and found that the researcher hypothesis "neutral returned 7 times (31%), and returned to the other 15 (69% positive) in some cases. Any study investigated the effects observed. [6]

I found neutral studies do not benefit supplement DHEA to increase growth hormone supplementation in men, [116] does not affect the metabolism of minerals in bones and bone density, [117] does not affect the muscle mass and skeletal [118] [119] and any significant benefit on cognition. [30] [120] and in the neutral study in multiple sclerosis model, presented at a conference in Berlin that do not show significant benefits, but notes supply in the review can not be recovered via the Internet. [6] Moreover, additives that are not mentioned in the review, including any effects observed on insulin sensitivity [78] [82] and mood. [121]

And conducted tests useful observed in the development of hormone (androgen), [122] lipid profiles, [78] [123] [124] mood [104] [80] and depression [125] joint pain, [104] endothelial function (Health Heart), [77] bone mineral density (except in the hip, though) [126] [111] immunity, [127] a clear sensitivity to insulin [77] [71] and the formation of the body. [100] [121] [128] [71]

In these tests, some of which have been implemented in the adrenal gland / fatigue and the exclusion of the front fusion failure because this is the lack of treatment instead of supraphysiological supplements. It showed [129] [106] [130] [101] One benefit studies in the pathogenesis of edema and vascular status and hereditary. [131]

Without going into the details of human intervention (in other places), the basic supplements of DHEA in 50-100mg daily able to relieve almost all aspects of the "aging" But there are those who challenge the most of them. The only items that appear on both great acclamation and the investigation is the treatment of adrenal insufficiency and DHEA imparts be useful against heart disease 50-100 (above the lining and reduce fat levels) in men over 40

Bio X4 In women

This examination [6] assembly 63 research and studies DHEA supplementation in women, found no significant effect with 11 studies (17%) and take advantage of the 52 (83%). It was reported negative results in this review.

They include independent studies (those not found statistically significant benefits) body composition, [83] [132] [100] [81] [76] [118] [133] exercise capacity [132] [121] symptoms outages menstruation, [64] bone mass [134] [100] insulin sensitivity [82] [80] [81] mood, [121] Immunology, [135] perception, [120] and sex in adrenal insufficiency [136]. Investigation of the above-mentioned study of MS (in the men's section) women also with the same empty results.

I found useful with skin treatment when applied topically or orally [137] [122] lipid profiles, [83] [74] [76] [64] [123] heart health, [138] bone mineral density [121 ] [122] [126] [117] [139] body composition, [139] sexual [140] [122] mood, [80] [141] depression [125] insulin sensitivity and clear [74] [71] [76] [75] and menopause symptoms such as hot flashes. [142]

Deleted some of the studies in the previous paragraph, because in pathological cases identified, such as adrenal insufficiency, [143] [106] [101] [144] [129] [107] [145] anorexia nervosa [146] pituitary persons palaces, 147] [116] [148] or lupus. [149] [150] [151] [152] [153] [154] [155]

For women, the idea that the heart health benefits of DHEA does not take longer but with less evidence for men. However, there is more evidence of the beneficial effects of DHEA on bone mineral density, suggesting that it might be a good preventive measure of the fragility and the risk of osteoporosis.


14. vehicles remarkable relevant

14.1. Androst-3,5- diene-debt -7.17

This is an additional metabolism 7-Kito- DHEA, and when the result is a single bond in the ring between carbon 3 and 4 becomes a double bond. This makes the appointment of 5 androstene 3.5 diene such as -EN refers to the double bond and refers to de two. Surprisingly, it is a natural metabolism in the urine and this change of oxo-7 (as well as the double bond) seems to be somewhere in the body [156] probably the liver. [157] In some cases, this is also called metabolism as 3-deoxy-7-Quito DHEA. Regardless of the colloquial name given long chemical name for this molecule is (8R,9S,10R,13S,14S)-10,13-dimethyl-2,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta{a}phenanthrene-7,17-dione

Separate two names "normal" refer to the same molecule
This seems to be associated hormones activity you have non-competition with IC50 of 1.8uM In order 0.22uM. The [158] and time dependent inhibition also ordered the first semi-Maine with 1 of 0,119 Kinact. [158]

It has not been scientifically tested in humans, but appears to be a potent inhibitor of hormones




15. interactions elements nutritious food

15.1. Hormones inhibitors

Since DHEA is a precursor metabolism of androgen and estrogen, DHEA pairing with DHEA anti-aromatase theory substrate androgen-oriented mode.

Find DHEA investiating inconjunction with the study of hormones inhibitors (AI) that the combination was more effective in increasing testosterone either in isolation (8.5nmol / L increase in combination, 3.5nmol / L with DHEA, 4.9nmol / L with atamestane AI); DHEA Pairing with IA also reduced the height of the inevitable in estrogen for a period of 2 / 3rds seen with DHEA alone. [159]



16. The safety and toxicity
DHEA 50 mg daily for 52 weeks in postmenopausal women is not associated with any significant toxicity or adverse effects [79] and is generally regarded as an effective therapeutic dose to avoid long-term side effects. Is also seen [160] the lowest dose (25 mg) for longer periods of time (2 years) and safe. [72]


16.1. Reminders in women

Side effects of DHEA masculinity producing side effects "on women and appears to be rare, but they exist. Some studies have observed an increase in the incidence of acne when taken orally DHEA, but does not seem to affect everyone. [79]

Even more rare, but still it is the increasing cases of facial hair growth in women. [79]