2.1. Testosterone
A study in Elk use of secondary industries King oyster mushrooms (19.92% of the beta-glucan content in this study) that high doses (15% and 20%) of the King shellfish in the diet, and over a period managed to increase circulation of testosterone five times ( 0.2ng / ml 1.0ng / ml) with no effect on the thyroid hormone, GH, IGF or 80 days. [18] This was accompanied by an increase in monocytes (+ 59%, 0.22-0.35K / UL but not of the dose) and hematocrit (8.9%), but without hepatic impairment (ALT, AST) and increase (+13%) in HDL-C . [19]
King oyster contains a rigid molecules, which are usually structurally related to testosterone, [15] but there have been no studies on the possible link.
Nucific Bio X4 Estrogen
Study on getter ovarian mice (without ovaries) with 0.3% of the ethanol King Oyster daily for 75 days, showed a slight increase in uterine weight (less estradiol as active control) and low bone near loss of control; indicates the presence of carcinogenic effects. [20]
When tested in the laboratory, it was 0.1ug / ml King oyster as effective as 10 nm of estradiol in the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, which estrogenicity test, with statistically significant increases is up to 0.001ng / ml. [20] Interestingly, the spread has been reduced dramatically when estrogen receptors but added 10ug / ml King oyster still posed by the proliferation of more than control cells. [20]
When tested against fungi and other biologically active concentration 1.0ug / ml, King Oyster seemed more estrogen (such as assessed by increased cell proliferation) of 14 test. Not much different from Agaracus blazei and, Griforia frondosa (Maitake), Panellus 3 Pleurotus futures and other variables, and also not much different from 100 nm estradiol. [20] bisporus Agaricus seems to be some suppression division. [20]
3. immunity and inflammation
Was found on the extraction of ethanol from King oyster mushrooms in 10-50ug / ml to prevent IL-4 transcription in mast cells stimulate antigen dose-dependent manner, suggesting the suppression of allergic response. [21] reduction of NFAT and NF- kB activity, COX-2 mRNA and protein, NF-KB and the plant due to the low deterioration am I? B-α, as seen in these cells. All of which may be downstream discouraged? RI signals (with SYK refers affected). [21]
Because these inhibitory effects, was released cytokines less pro-inflammatory mast cells stimulated by antigens, such as TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 with IL-4. [21]
4. Cardiovascular Health
4.1. Arteriosclerosis
The mice showed, King Oyster in 3% of food consumption in terms of weight for a period of 16 weeks in the direction towards triglycerides and cholesterol lowering in mice, but reached statistical significance only at 12 weeks with triglyceride (- APOE - / and became negligible in 16 weeks again). The [22] These trends are on an equal footing with the other two groups Bunashimeji Maitake mushrooms, however, were able to reduce the area of atherosclerotic lesions Bunashimeji being the most effective of all categories. [22] This study appears to be related to dietary fiber inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol, dietary cholesterol has also been monitoring (0.066%) and Bunashimeji Maitake Maitake exceeded despite the presence of a high content of fiber. [22]
4.2. Triglyceride
When tested in the laboratory, it appears that the water extract of King oyster to be the most effective in the inhibition of lipase activity 8 medicinal mushrooms pancreas tested. Water activity and extraction of ethanol lipase brought to 20.8% and 89.6% of the activity (respectively), while Yamabushitake record 68.4% and 95.9% of water extraction (water / ethanol) Maitake and 76.5% with the extraction of ethanol (it seems to stimulate up to 113.3% , the worst performance inhibitory) and methanol extract of Sparassis Cripsa get 65.4% of the control. [23] The heat treatment (baking) had no effect on the inhibition of King oyster with up to 60 minutes of boiling, the management of King Oyster mice with fatty acids are able to reduce the AUC of fat 44%, which is attributed to the inhibition of absorption due to the lack of increase in systemic levels of LPL (indicative of the absorption). [2. 3]
When fed to 3% of the diet for up to 16 weeks, King oyster is not associated with significant changes in triglycerides, but only trends toward reductions. [22]
5. Interaction with cancer
King oyster has been investigated for cytotoxic effects because it belongs to the family of Pleurotus, usually associated with anti-cancer effects.
Eryngiolide A has demonstrated cytotoxicity against HeLa and HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 20.6μM and 28.6 μM, respectively, and that are classified as moderate toxicity cells. [5]
Bio X4 oxidation reactions
Mushrooms tend to be anti-oxidant abilities, compared with 9 types in the extraction of ethanol 1 mg (including mushroom normal oysters, Pleurotus ostreatus) found that King oyster scored 11.45% inhibition in the test DPPH for scavenging free radicals, put 7 behind Morchella elata 10 (59.22%) and Meripilus giganteus (43.12%), but before the regular oyster mushroom (6.11%). [24] This gave a value of 3.01 inhibition of TOC (the equivalent of alpha-tocopherol, and is measured in micrograms / ml) [24] A. 1: 3 methanol extract King Oyster, when tested against more than one and Morchella elata three new mushroom relatively weak in material performance still antioxidants experiments [17].7. bone metabolism
Water extracted from shellfish King has shown in the laboratory to increase the enzyme alkaline phosphatase activity in concentrations 0.08-10ul / ml (an increase of 1.5 and 2 times, respectively), and was able to slow the progression of osteoporosis, a disease of ex-vivo (in mice bone removed) 16 % for 4 weeks in the control of up to 8%. [25] These effects may be secondary to activity such as estrogen, as a study in mice getter ovary (for modeling menopause) found that 0.3% of the extract ethanol from fruiting bodies a day for 75 days of treatment were better bone mineral density for the control of the 14% (estrogen for 30 ug / kg was 25% higher than control). [20]
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