1. Origin and configuration

Nucific Bio X4 Origin and configuration

Eleven. Resources

Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae of the family) is an annual herb encroachment on a large scale in China and East Asia, extending to West Asia and Southern Europe. The fruits have been used this plant in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of eye problems, edema, bloating, high blood pressure, heart disease and blood vessels, while used in India in Ayurveda was for the purpose of disability, loss of appetite, jaundice, and disorders of the genitourinary, heart disease and blood vessels. [4] [5] [6] [7] [4] In Ayurvedic medicine, it is known terrestris as Chhota Gokshura Gokshura or for the treatment of back pain, sciatica, pelvic inflammatory disease, disability, dry cough, and respiratory disorders. [8] [9] which is known to be interchangeable with the system Pedalium Murex to gokshura [9].

Tribulus is a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda for purposes related to cardiovascular health more, virility and reproductive health
Tribulus species extends to 25 species of which 12 were found in the Middle East. [10]

There are other types of types of Tribulus, which are sometimes used in supplements, including pentandrus (have more Kaempferol in their profile of flavonoids while terrestris has more quercetin, also pentandrus Tricin-7-diglucoside as the only componnet) [11] and also winged as steroidal glycosides spirostane, and cholestane furostane [12], is involved in the increase of testosterone [13] similar to Murex Pedalium but not Tribulus terrestris.

Terrestris is one of the few species of the genera and species Tribulus completed the most common

1.2. Installation

The main components of Tribulus terrestris root extract include:

Protodioscin [14] commonly referred to as the main bioactive seen and can include up to 45% of dry extract terrestris (exluding nutrients and water weight)
Pseudoprotodioscin [14]
Dioscin [14] and diosgenin (0.031% in the roots (wet weight) 0.065% in the stem, 0.16% in aerodynamic parts, and 0.095% in general) [15]
Tribulosin (Tagojinin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1-2) - {β-D-xylopyranosyl (1-3)} - β-D-glucopyranosyl (1-4) - {AL-rhamnopyranosyl (2/1 )} - β-D-galactopyranoside), vaginal steroid spiral [14] [16]
Hecogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 4) -β-D-galactopyranoside [17]
Gitogenin type saponins called Protodibestin and tribestin [14]
Spirostanol and furostanol sulfated saponins (Bulgarian only) [18] and furostanol spirstanol year and saponins [19]
SD-P-coumaroylquinic acid and 4,5-SD-P-coumaroylquinic Commonwealth of Independent States [20]
Antilithiatic 60 kDa protein [21]
Vitamin C 909mg / 100G (0.9%) [22]
The fruits of the plant Tribulus (Tribulus fruiting) contains:

Furostanol terrestroside based steroidal saponins as A, B and terrestrinin B, A and chloromaloside terrestroneoside [23] [24] [25] and glucosides of these molecules, including tribufuroside C [5] and IJ [26]
Spirostane based steroids [27] saponins [28]
Tribulusamides A-D [29] [30] [31]
Terrestramide [30]
Glycosides Bregnan [28]

Bio X4 Contrast

Protodioscin, seen as the active compound to build muscle (marketed heavily Tribulus statement '), is the highest in Turkey (Ankara), Bulgaria (Haskovo hirsut) and Macedonia (Bogdanzi glabr) respectively. These three species are more than twice of all other species. [14]

The chemical composition of the plant seems to vary from one area of ​​growth, with Tribulus Vietnamese, India lacks all tribestin and prototribestin (type gitogeninic) and contains higher levels tribulosin, at about 50-150 times more of the species mentioned above. [14] [32]

Much of the literature on extracts Bulgarian, Chinese and Indian origin. [14] prove problematic if tribestin or protodioscin contents are the active ingredients.

Although the growing Tribulus region seems to influence the components, and the main difference is grown in Eastern Europe and Western Asia, which has the highest content protodioscin is grown in East Asia and Oceania, which tend to be more content and not saponins tribuloin gitogenic
Beyond the numerical differences for the previous six vehicles, Bulgarian Tribulus is spirostanol only sulfated saponins and furostanol own [18] and Chinese Tribulus appears to be the only compound with cornering ring CISA / B in their saponins. [14]


1.4. Fitting

Sometimes it is combined with terrestris Boerhaavia widespread as a formulation called UNEX. [33]

When combined with bicyclis seaweed Ecklonia (80 mg), D- glucosamine and N- Osatal- D- glucosamine (100 mg), and 100mg of Tribulus in combination as Tradamixina unknown. [2] [3]



2. Pharmacy

21. Distribution

Ingestion has been shown by the mouth of 50 mg / kg of water alcoholic extract of Tribulus (45.84% protodioscin) for eight weeks in mice to increase the levels in kidney tissue of 49ng / g (healthy mice) and 9 NG / g (rats infected with diabetes), which is associated with serum levels of 170ng / ml and 6 ng / ml. [3. 4]



3. Neuroscience

3.1. Cholinergic nervous

Tribulus terrestris has failed to curb acetylcholine in 10 micrograms / ml and weak obstruction of 1 mg / ml (37.89 ± 0.77), while this was the scale concentration able to curb butyrylcholinesterase by +/- 17.06 0.55% (10 micrograms / ml), and 78, 32 +/- 1.27% (1 mg / mL). [35]

Technically you can interact with the metabolism of acetylcholine, but this has not yet been proven in the neighborhood model, it does not seem very strong in the concentrations expected to be seen in the blood and the brain

3.2. Appetite

A study on mice to investigate Bah and the use of 2.5 mg / kg 0.5 mg / kg and 10 mg / kg of extract terrestris notable increases in body weight in each group with 5 mg / kg body respond better; this study did not register eat specfically. [36]

In a murine model of chronic stress can be controlled (induced depression), and was 750-2,250mg / kg of Tribulus terrestris extract (80% saponins) able to keep the decline in appetite. [37]

Do not speak increase in appetite in mice confirmed and there may be some inhernetly. There is a need for more research to assess the true traditional demands for increased appetite

3.3. Soothing

And at least one study this Tribulus can own properties that reduce the pain has indicated (according to the traditional use in Iran and surrounding areas). [38] In this study, mice subjected to a chemical and tested for thermal pain (formalin and pull the tail, respectively), and in spite of that test different doses (50, 100 200 400, and 800 mg / kg) injection of 100 mg of extract kg / Tribulus seems more powerful and tend to be less / kg of morphine to ease the pain of 2.5mg more than 300 mg / kg of aspirin. It is not mediated mechanism of action that produces the drug receptors. [38]

In diabetic rats from 0.100 to 300 / kg of water extraction for a period of eight weeks it is able to prevent diabetes-induced hyperalgesia (increased pain sensitivity) in the heat and chemistry test with similar strength to those who 100mg / kg knee. [39]

Excerpts terrestris appears to be very effective in reducing the sensation of pain in response to chemicals and heat pain test, with similar force of some medications reference

Bio X4

In depression because of chronic stress due 375-2,250mg / kg induced terrestris (80% saponins) stress observed a dose-dependent effects with the higher dose completely normalize increase cortisone and adrenocorticotropic hormone releasing factor corticosteroids. [37] 750 mg / kg, and was as effective as clinical dose of fluoxetine (1.8 mg / kg). [37]

Ghana tablets (Tribulus, Tinospora cordifolia and Emblica officinalis) 260 mg / kg, in liaison with the dose of human 2G, and appear to have adverse effects for depression and anxiolytic, although the degree of weaker than diazepam reference drug (2 mg / kg) and imipramine (5 mg /kg).[8]

Terrestris seems to have anti-depressant effects in rats stressed, suggesting that it is an adaptogenic herb. The power is respectable, but it requires very high doses of being

3.5. Menopausal symptoms

Study (indirectly through this review that is not in line) has been reported [40 was associated with the use of terrestris with improvements in menopausal symptoms in 98% of the research group (49/50), even though it has a potential conflict of interest.

Supposed aphrodisiacs / adaptogenic effects to be extended to women, but this is not a problem at all well documented


4. Cardiovascular Health

4.1. Heart tissue

Terrestris saponins (100 mg / L) are able to reduce the size of infarction in hearts subjected to ischemia / reperfusion and oxidation in vitro [41] [42], which is due to tribulosin content (reduced myocardial 20.24 to 30.32% of control 1-100nM) in a way that was suppressed by preventing PKCe [42] or ERK signals in 10 nm. [16] because both PKCe [43] path and ERK signaling [44] involved in the thought that tribulosin cardiomyocyte apoptosis direct practiced anti-apoptotic (specifically, through the activation of ERK PKCe below [16]) to move.

Saponins may be other effects of heart disease, as hecogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 4) -β-D-galactopyranoside (30-100μg / ml) through the activation of PKCe [17] but it is much weaker tribulosin to do so.

Because the activation of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCe) tribulosin can protect heart cells from cell death. This happens in a very low concentration, it is likely related to oral supplementation of Tribulus terrestris saponins
In humans high blood pressure given the 3G Tribulus fruit or water extraction from it, supplements for four weeks was enough for the slight decrease in heart rate. [4. 5]


4.2. blood pressure

Tribulus terrestris seems to be ACE inhibitor properties in the laboratory to 0.33 mg / ml 50-56% extraction with water (17-37% of acetone and 11-28% ethanol), with more power in aerobic fruit parts. [46] in mice high blood pressure spontaneously (2K1C), and 10 mg / kg of fruit extract lyophilized seems to lower blood pressure and corrected higher than normal levels of ACE. [47]

In healthy mice, 2.5-10mg / kg terrestris appears to increase blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner (6.11%) during erection, even when the mice were not stimulated by sexual contact is no difference. [36]

Tribulus may reduce blood pressure either by the kidneys (diuretic effect and / or preventive) or by inhibiting ACE, and while no effect on blood pressure in patients with otherwise normal may increase the height of the blood pressure caused by erectile dysfunction
In people with high blood pressure, Tribulus terrestris extract contained in the 2G fruit full of extracting water from the same more than four weeks and found a significant decline in systolic blood pressure (4 to 4.3%) in one week, which increased 10.7 9.6% after four weeks ; and decreased diastolic blood pressure by 7.4 to 8.1% after four weeks. [45] This study should be approached with caution as it was significantly higher intervention of blood pressure in the foundation which may worsen the result set. [4. 5]

As has been associated with lower blood pressure with an increase in the amount of urine, it is but the benefits they have seen secondary to the kidneys. [4. 5]

It seems to lower blood pressure in humans with high blood pressure, while solitary study and incredibly promising and more research should be provided to the force

Bio X4. Platelets

Tribulus Pterocarpus phenolic compounds have been observed to prevent platelet aggregation caused by thrombin concentration-dependent manner between 0.5-50μg / ml (40-70%) and inhibition of platelet aggregation in the blood is generally between 3-30%. [10] as the main bioactive did not specify this effect, it is sure if this applies to terrestris.

Terrestris has been found to prevent platelet aggregation caused by adrenaline with IC50 value of 970μg / ml. [48]

Terrestris has weak anti-platelet effects related, and probably will not, though the species pterocarpus seems to be very strong. It has been measured in different assembly, however, not sure if terrestris had a role in blood clot or not

4.4. Cholesterol

A decrease in total cholesterol with Tribulus terrestris fruits or water extraction from him in 3G daily for four weeks has been observed, reaching 9.49 until 10.23% at the end of the study (placebo below 2.14%). [4. 5]

Possible reductions in total cholesterol also to be investigated