Nucific Bio X4. Fat mass
Not Alospartek- D acid supplements for 28 days in a dose of a 3G training healthy (along with resistance training) men do not significantly reduce fat mass compared to placebo. [32]
5. skeletal muscle and physical performance
5.1. Swell
28 days of aspartic acid supplements failed D- the 3G large increase in lean mass in healthy materials trainers. [32]
5.2. Ouput power
Energy production, according to the evaluation of the leg and bench press, not adjusted from the month of acid supplements before Alospartek- D in healthy men training. [32]
6. interaction with organs of the body
6.1. Male genitalia
D-aspartate can affect the testicles through NMDA receptors, present in both Leydig and Sertoli cells of the testis. [33] and after being transferred to a cell, D-aspartate seems to have the ability to induce the release of testosterone, but it tends to synergy with hCG by increasing the efficiency of HCG in testicular cell. [34] This increase in the installation of testoterone not seen after 1 h of incubation (However, after 16 hours), and thus can increase the transfer of cholesterol in the inner mitochondrial membrane by the increased expression of the star protein that is a carrier which carries cholesterol in the mitochondrial Cordyceps is also affected. [34] treatment HCG is able to increase the expression Star itself across the path depends camp [35] [36] and custody of a cell with D-aspartate can be stolen than mRNA upregulation 3.5 times and protein content by 1.9 times HCG induced and can increase the levels of the camp 3.1 times to 0.1 times and 5.25 mm to 5.25 mm. [3. 4]
Increased activity of the reducing step in the generation rate steroid (steroid synthesis) in the testes may underlie the ability of acid Alospartek- D to increase testosterone in healthy men, which is observed once
Associated with oral intake of 500 mg / kg and 1 g / kg with increases between 12 and 20% of 3β-HSD, respectively, in mice. [37]
It is increased nitric oxide (NO) by 30% in the 500 mg / kg, but can not be increased to 1 g / kg in mice. [37]
Alospartek- D acid may have the ability to bring about oxidative stress in the testes, where 500 mg / kg and 1 g / kg of weight Aljsm- D-aspartic acid in the diet of mice, but not the 50 mg / kg of body weight, causing oxidative stress in testes within 7 days. [37] At this dose, the weight of the testes (and liver) a slight decrease in 11-13% and increased oxidative stress markers in 500 mg / kg and 1 g / kg in 74% and 85% (mitochondria) and 30% and 46% (the cytosol ), and it was also observed an increase in fatty peroxides. They met [37] These pro-oxidants changes with an increase in glutathione, glutathione transferase, catalase and SOD unchanged and negative adjustments in mitochondrial function as measured by the increase CA2 + flow and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. [37]
In the laboratory, and this pro-oxidant effects are concentration dependent and begins to occur in 250 or in the cytosol are still produced in concentrations much lower in the mitochondria (5-50uM cause an increase twice). [37]
High doses of 500-1,000mg / goalkeeper in mice is associated with the presence of the initial signs of toxicity, and this dose 80-160mg / kg is associated in humans. An oral dose to a human being 7.2-14.4g £ 200
Beyond the testicles and testosterone synthesis, D-aspartate seems to be involved in spermatogenesis (sperm production) and can have a role in reproduction because of their links. [38] In the human study using 2.66 g of D-aspartate daily for 90 days in men with profiles sperm abnormal (Astenozoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia) observed an improvement in the ability to move and concentrate sperm (ranging from 50 to 100% improvement baseline) and has been associated with high fertility rates in men. [39] This study also noticed an increase in the concentration of D-aspartate ratio significantly in the semen of a man given D-aspartate (higher concentrations 96-100%). [39]
Bio X4. Female sex organs
D-aspartate may have a role in female sexuality and reproduction, and the disclosure of the physiological component follicular fluid level goes down with age, the decline which is associated with decreased capacity of reproduction. [40]
63. Thalamus
Activate receptors in the hypothalamus may precede the release of the hormone from the pituitary gland, such as the prevention of NMDA receptors in the visual area in front of the area under the front hypothalamus (signals during D-aspartate) can reduce testosterone. [41]
It also seems to be the hypothalamus neuroorgan participate in enhancing memory effect as D-aspartate supplementation of 0.16mg / g was found for mice to promote awareness and increase the performance correlated with the concentrations of D-aspartate hypothalamus. [31]
6.4. Pituitary
There are approximately seven times in front of the pituitary gland, the pituitary gland background, [12], where in the pituitary gland background extends equally to some extent on the expression of neuronal hubs space, whereas in the anterior pituitary gland is concentrated in the cytoplasm of endocrine cells . [42] in the anterior pituitary gland, it can accumulate in the D-aspartate-producing cells or the like as prolactin and estrogen levels by planting, so the concentration of D-aspartate and the number of cells is higher in women. [12] [42] It is possible that these cells produce injection D-aspartate natural evolution are not collected D-aspartate [43] It was noted the presence of prolactin-producing strain of tumor cells to synthesize D-aspartate. [44]
In the pituitary gland, is involved in D-aspartate stimulate the secretion of prolactin. Measure [3] injection D-aspartate in 0.5-4M / kg induce the release of prolactin or mice in a dose-dependent manner 1.9 (0.5 m) to 3.7 times (4M) 30 minutes after the injection, [45] This is thought to mediate through the NMDA-mediated activation after absorption in the anterior pituitary gland. [4. 5]
D-aspartate very localized in the pituitary gland, and can be manufactured locally as well. And engaged in a pattern of hormone release nervous. Injections are associated with increased prolactin. This has not been explored in humans
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